Key Features

Calcium hypochlorite is a strong chlorine‑based disinfectant widely used for sanitation, water treatment, and hygiene purposes. It typically contains high levels of available chlorine (often 65–70% or higher), and when dissolved in water it releases hypochlorous acid, a powerful oxidizing and sanitizing agent that eliminates bacteria, viruses, algae, and other harmful microorganisms. Its solid form—granular, powder, or tablet—offers stability, easy handling, and long shelf life when stored properly under cool, dry conditions.

Chemical Composition & Properties

Calcium hypochlorite has the chemical formula Ca(ClO)₂ and appears as a white or pale yellow solid with a characteristic chlorine odor. It is a strong oxidizing agent that dissolves readily in water to generate active chlorine species such as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, which are responsible for its disinfecting action. Stable calcium hypochlorite products maintain their effectiveness over time, making them suitable for a wide range of sanitation applications.

Product Description

As a sanitation chemical, calcium hypochlorite releases active chlorine in solution that penetrates and disrupts microbial cell walls, oxidizes organic contaminants, and inactivates pathogens. This broad‑spectrum activity makes it effective not only for water disinfection but also for general surface sanitation. The residual chlorine left in treated systems continues to provide protection against microbial regrowth, offering both immediate and ongoing sanitation performance.

Applications in Sanitation & Water Treatment

Calcium hypochlorite is extensively applied in drinking water disinfection, swimming pool sanitation, wastewater treatment, and industrial hygiene. It is used to ensure potable water safety in municipal and emergency settings, control algae and bacteria in pool water, and disinfect wastewater effluents prior to discharge. It also serves as a general sanitizing agent in healthcare facilities, food processing plants, public spaces, and household environments.

Mechanism of Action

The primary disinfecting action of calcium hypochlorite is based on the formation of hypochlorous acid when it dissolves in water. Hypochlorous acid is a highly reactive oxidizer that destroys microorganisms by disrupting cell membranes, denaturing proteins, and interfering with metabolic functions. This oxidation process also helps break down organic impurities in water or on surfaces, contributing to improved water quality and hygienic conditions.

Usage & Dosing Guidelines

Proper dosing of calcium hypochlorite for sanitation and water treatment depends on the target application and water volume. For drinking water systems, small quantities are used to achieve recommended free chlorine residuals sufficient to inactivate pathogens. For pool sanitation, dosing is adjusted to maintain safe free chlorine levels that continuously suppress microbial growth. Pre‑dissolving the product in water before addition helps ensure uniform distribution and effective dissolution. Regular water quality testing before and after application ensures optimal control.

Benefits

Calcium hypochlorite provides rapid and broad‑spectrum disinfection with strong oxidizing properties. Its high available chlorine content means smaller amounts are needed compared to lower concentration sources, making it cost‑effective. The solid form enables easier storage, transport, and dosing flexibility, while its stability ensures long shelf life when stored correctly. It supports reliable sanitation across household, commercial, and industrial water systems.

Safety Considerations

Handling calcium hypochlorite requires proper personal protective equipment such as gloves and eye protection, as it can cause irritation upon contact and has a strong chlorine odor. It should never be mixed with acids, ammonia, or other incompatible chemicals, as dangerous reactions or toxic gas release can occur. Adequate ventilation and careful handling minimize exposure risks, and users should always follow safety data sheets and manufacturer instructions.

Storage Instructions

Store calcium hypochlorite in a cool, dry, and well‑ventilated area away from direct heat, sunlight, moisture, acids, and organic materials. Keeping the product tightly sealed helps preserve available chlorine content and prevents premature degradation or hazardous reactions. Regularly inspect storage conditions to ensure long‑term effectiveness and safety before use.